Answer:
Japan was losing pilots faster than it could train their replacements, and the nation's industrial capacity was diminishing relative to that of the Allies. These factors, along with Japan's unwillingness to surrender, led to the use of kamikaze tactics as Allied forces advanced towards the Japanese home islands.
The Corpus Juris Civilis, the founding document for many European law codes, is most closely associated with the Magna Carta, which came far before it.
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During the interwar period, the United States adopted an 'isolation' policy. The rationale behind this policy was to avoid being sucked into another European war, as the US had done in WW1. The policy was ultimately abandoned with the rise of Hitler and the attack on Pearl Harbour in 1941.
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