Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energyinto chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, "light", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, "putting together".[1][2][3] In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.[4]
Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centresthat contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. The hydrogen freed by the splitting of water is used in the creation of two further compounds that serve as short-term stores of energy, enabling its transfer to drive other reactions: these compounds are reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the "energy currency" of cells.
In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, long-term energy storage in the form of sugars is produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle; some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle, to achieve the same end. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporatedinto already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate(RuBP).[5] Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reducedand removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.
False?, it more or less goes on the amounts of abortions the more you get the more chances you'll become infertile,
Answer:
Papillary Layer
Explanation:
In addition, the papillary layer contains phagocytes, defensive cells that help fight bacteria or other infections that have breached the skin. This layer also contains lymphatic capillaries, nerve fibers, and touch receptors called the Meissner corpuscles.
Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical or physical means. It states that matter can be neither created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical or physical changes.
Answer: A=0%
The mother allele is Xx and the XY.
The mother and father are heterozygous for the traits.
Explanation:
This is because the mother (Xx) carries a trait for color blindness. Which she inherited from her father who is color blinded that is XY.
The x -chromosomes carries the color blinded trait.
When she is crossed with her color blinded male, the first boy XY will not be color blinded :
Because the boy will pick Nomal X chromosomes from the mother, and and Y chromosomes from the father to form XY. The male sex chromosomes.
Since this is a monohybrid cross,
4 offspring are produced 2 girls and 2 boys .
Genotypes-XY(first boy), Yx Xx, xx .
This a factor of 4 so the first child probability is ZERO. Since 0 divided by 4 = 0
Since no allele with color blinded gene is inherited.