Answer: Node
Explanation:
Cladograms are a graphical representation of the evolutionary relationship between organisms. These are usually shown as branches from a central point, which represents a common ancestor. In rooted cladograms, the branches are shown relative to the time elapsed since evolving from a common ancestor joined at the node, or point of divergence.
Evolution typically occurs after accumulating mutation, and natural selection of beneficial traits that confer greater chances for survival.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Father: XY 
Mother: XX’
The father is normal, while the mother is a carrier.
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: space or shelter, ability to reproduce 
Explanation:
 
        
             
        
        
        
If a researcher electrically stimulates the reticular formation in an animal, the animal will immediately wake up and be alert. Its purpose is to have some control of sensory signals and thus has the ability to alert the body when it is tired or needs to be awake.