Creationists criticize the idea of natural selection as a circular argument, or tautology, claiming "the fittest are those that survive, and survival is how fitness is defined. "
The definition of natural selection is not tautological because natural selection is measured by contribution to the next generation, not simply survival of an individual organism.
Tautologies or circular arguments are true at all times and therefore are not productive as theories since they cannot be disproved. A tautology is a statement which is true by necessity.
Natural selection is the prevalent theory which explains biological change by predicting the mechanism behind evolution.
Nevertheless, natural selection can be explained non-tautologically. It should be described as the theory which tries to speculate as well as retrodict evolutionary change by environmental forces affecting the organisms.
To learn more about natural selection here
brainly.com/question/9830102
#SPJ4
<span>A. Pons. The pons includes nerves that have sensory roles in hearing, equilibrium and taste, as well as facial sensations like touch and pain, and motor function roles including facial expressions, eye movement, chewing and swallowing.</span>
B. going to be refined by further investigation
thats the answer because you need proof that the theroy is wrong
