Donald P. Green and David H. Yoon, 2002 "Reconciling Individual and Aggregate Evidence Concerning Partisan Stability:
<h3><u>Applying Time-Series Models to Panel Survey Data</u></h3>
Abstract.
- Party identification has been studied extensively using both individual- and aggregate-level data. This paper attempts to formulate a statistical model that can account for the range of empirical generalizations that have emerged from aggregate time series and panel surveys. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we show that only certain types of data generation processes can account for these empirical regularities. Deciding which of the remaining types best explains the data means investigating the ways in which individual-level partisanship behaves over time.
- Partisanship at the aggregate-level tends to be highly autocorrelated, re-equilibrating slowly in the wake of each perturbation. Working downward from the analysis of aggregate data, previous researchers argued that aggregate partisanship is fractionally integrated and contended that dynamics at the individual level are therefore heterogeneous. Using data from three panel surveys, we present the first direct assessment of individual-level dynamics. We also investigate the hypothesis that these dynamics vary among individuals, a claim that motivates much recent work on fractionally integrated time series.
- The model that best explains the observed characteristics of party identification is one in which individuals respond in similar ways to external shocks, re-equilibrate rapidly thereafter, and seldom change their equilibrium level of partisan attachment.
To know more about time series models ,check the links.
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This is false, this therapy relies on learning about yourself and why you do certain things.
Answer:
Context effect
Explanation:
Context effect explains how an individual's perception of a stimulus is affected by the individual's environment. Context effects can have an influence on one's day to day activities, such as one's learning abilities, recognition of words, recognition of object and memory. Context effect is considered to be part of top-down processing.
In the example illustrated, the perception of people are influenced by their environment which is the sad music that is being listened to, and this best explains context effect.
Answer:
d. more than one level of needs can operate simultaneously
Explanation:
The ERG Theory of Motivation is a simple but a more flexible type of hierarchy of Needs given by Maslow.. It suggests three needs which must all be completed and satisfied for an individual to be motivated. This three needs for motivation are are growth, relatedness and existence. According to the ERG model of motivations, at same time one or more than one level can be simultaneously operated.
Hence the correct option is (d).