To give individual states greater control over how to spend federal money
Very interesting question as there are actually three Indian dynasties during the classical period, which includes:
Maurya Dynasty(300-184BCE)
Kushan Dynasty(40-176AD)
Gupta Dynasty(320-550AD)
Gupta is the most influential one but at the same time the youngest. It might not be in the classical period depending on the source of interpretation.
I suggest you check your readings or ask your teacher to determine the span of the classical period.
Hope this helps!
Generally speaking, industrialization greatly reduced social inequality by creating a "middle class" of people, who were able to significantly increase their incomes due to the large number of jobs available in factories.
The passage is not showing up, but in general Gargantuan essentially means massive or large
