I thought it was (d) but I might be wrong
The structure of the skin is an effective barrier against bacteria. The multiple layers of epidermis, while can be invaded by foreign organisms, has a high turnover rate which means it is constantly shedding, therefore even the bacteria is shed protecting the body. Lastly, the skin's lipids maintain an acidic pH which slows and stops growth and replication of bacteria.
That's correct - it's a square where on one axis, the paternal allele (allele = one of the possible forms of the same gene), and on another the maternal allele is listed. Often, it's also indicated whether an allele is recessive or dominant.
Then, in the table that results, all the possible "combinations" of allele between the paternal and maternal party are created. If you count how often a certain combination appears, it indicates the likelihood of that combination.
See the picture (though it is directly from Wikipedia, please note). The likelihood of BB is 25%, of Bb is 50%, and of bb 25%.
Answer: sexually reproducing organisms
Explanation: In most sexually reproducing organisms, each adult has two copies of each gene--one from each parent. These genes segregate from each other when gametes are formed. Alleles for different genes usually segregate independently of each other.
Answer:
Adapted to conserve water.
Explanation:
Living on land means limited access to drinking water, so reptiles' kidneys have adapted. They conserve water by producing less urine in more concentrated forms.
Hope this helps!