Answer:
Like the title of the article states, all economy relayed choices are the results of an incentive or disincentive a potential polluter faces. He gave the example of the Lake Erie, stating that is highly reasonable (although highly unethical) it is polluted, as it is financially efficient to simply dump garbage in the lake, rather than invest in a recycling or waste management system. He also added, that since the lake is a public good, no one will look at the pollution as a serious concern, since it isn't owned by anybody.
All of this implies that a structured, incentive system has to be created in order to curb pollution.
The costs that are clearly associated with specific units or batches of product is called: Direct labor.
<h3>What is direct labor?</h3>
Direct labor are wages and salaries paid to workers whose work can be traced directly to specific products or services. They are wages incurred in order to produce goods or provide services to customers.
Example of direct labor include:
- Assemblers
- Welders
- Painters
Hence, labor costs that are clearly associated with specific units or batches of product because the labor is used to convert raw materials into finished products are called direct labor.
Learn more about direct labor here: brainly.com/question/26371102
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The development of the last decades, population growth and concentration in cities, tensions and lack of resources, as well as the challenge posed by climate change, have contributed so that in recent years many organizations modify their lines of action and actions regarding its competitors, adopting less aggressive measures that contribute to the change and strengthening of healthy social relations.
Answer
b. partnership, adversarial
Many organizations are adapting to the environment by developing more of a <em>partnership</em> relationship rather than an adversarial relationship with competitors.
<span>People who play a task specialist role often: initiate ideas
Task specialist role refers to a role which main purpose is to develop a reliable and valid method of doing the task from the people who works within the same organizations.
People who took this role will do a lot of effort in order to increase the efficiency in doing that task which led to a lot of ideas initiation</span>