Carnegie could cut his costs because he owned the supply of raw materials and the means of production and distribution. Is the answer to your question
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The treaty of Versailles aimed to crush Germany and to not allow it to rise up and ravage Europe in war again but it didn't plan for the economic problems that the Weirmat Republic had to face. It also didn't help with the matter of fact that Germany had been ruled by a monarch for a good couple hundred years so many political figures didn't know how to make a functioning Democracy.
According to Karl Marx, the economic ideas behind socialism would lead to a revolution because when the working class of people would revolt against the upper class which is known as the burgeoise, that would be the only way of achieving true socialism.
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