This artistic movement took place by the end of the XIX century up to the early XX century before WWI, and it originated as a reaction against the historical traditional art styles that had been popular at the time. The movement seeked to bring a more modern perspective to art and to end the hyerarchy or distinction between what was considered "fine arts" ( painting and sculpture) and "applied arts" (furniture, ornaments, metal work) .
The correct answer is <span>B. force Japan to open its ports.
President Fillmore send even a letter with the captain asking Japan to do it. The opening of the ports would be a part of enabling trade with Japan.</span>