Answer:
e. bacteria producing vitamin K
Explanation:
Microbial antagonism basically refers as microbes versus microbes i-e the indigenous microflora serve a beneficial role by preventing other microbes from becoming established in or colonizing a particular anatomic location in the body.
As all the options mentioned, refers to the microbial antagonism except option E as the normal microbes protect the host by :
1) Producing acids.
2) Bactreocin production
3) By occupying the niches that the pathogens may occupy.
But the microbes cant compete with other microbes by producing vitamins and growth factors that can be utilized by the host.
Hence option E is the right answer.
Mitochondria and chloroplast are two organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Chloroplast is only found in plants while majority of eukaryotic cells have mitochondria. Even though both organelles are found in eukaryotic cells, both mitochondria and chloroplast have characteristics often found in prokaryotic cells.
Riparian zones are important to the natural environment because they function as natural biofilters and protect the aquatic life and the aquatic environment.
Answer:
IGCSE**
u can just go through the book
