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Misha Larkins [42]
3 years ago
12

Durante la explosión de una planta nuclear como la ocurrida en Chernóbyl en 1986, una persona se expone por un tiempo a esta rad

iación ¿qué daños a nivel molecular (ADN O ARN) podría sufrir? Y ¿cómo afectaría esto su salud y a la de su descendencia?
Biology
1 answer:
omeli [17]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

mediante mutaciones en el ADN  

Explanation:

El desastre ecológico de Chernóbil estuvo asociado a la liberación de importantes cantidades de radiación en forma de radioisótopos hacia la atmósfera, como producto de la explosión de un reactor que contenía toneladas de uranio radiactivo. La exposición a este tipo de radiación aumenta las probabilidades de sufrir mutaciones en la molécula de ADN. Dicho de otro modo, la radiación incrementa las chances de sufrir cambios en el material genético hereditario. Las mutaciones generalmente son corregidas por los mecanismos de reparación del ADN; sin embargo, existen ocasiones donde las mutaciones no son reparadas. Por otro lado, las mutaciones a menudo tienen efectos deletéreos y por lo tanto están asociadas a enfermedades, ya que los cambios en la secuencia genética provocan consecuentemente también cambios en las proteínas codificadas por estos genes. Por ejemplo, las mutaciones sufridas por genes supresores de tumores se encuentran asociadas a la aparición de células cancerosas por el mal funcionamiento de dichos genes. El efecto de la mutación depende del tipo celular que sufre la mutación: aunque las mutaciones sufridas por células somáticas pueden afectar la salud, estos tipos de mutaciones no son heredadas (simplemente porque las células somáticas no se heredan), mientras que las mutaciones sufridas por células germinales, es decir, en las células encargadas de la formación de gametos, pueden ser transmitidas a la descendencia.

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