Answer:
The correct answer is: Eccentric phase.
When talking about movement, we are talking about the activation of muscle fibers in order for this process to happen. In order for this to happen, motor neurons must activate the phases of muscle excitation, contraction and relaxation, so that the sarcomeres, and thus the fibers, can generate movement.
In essence, there are three stages, or phases, to complete muscle movement: the concentric phase, which is when the muscle fibers are excited and begin the process of contraction. This means the muscle fibers will contract and generate movement, generating a shortening. Then we have the isometric stage, a moment in which there is no longer any more shortening of the muscle fibers, so basically, the movement is held and there is no further contraction, but neither is there relaxation of the muscle fibers. Finally, we have the eccentric phase. This phase is characterized precisely because it is the moment when the muscles begin to return to their resting position.
Answer:
Climate change has been described as one of the biggest problems faced by humankind. Carbon dioxide is is the primary driver of global warming. Prof Joanna Haigh from Imperial College London explains why this gas has played a crucial role in shaping the Earth's climate.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been present in the atmosphere since the Earth condensed from a ball of hot gases following its formation from the explosion of a huge star about five billion years ago.
At that time the atmosphere was mainly composed of nitrogen, CO2 and water vapour, which seeped through cracks in the solid surface. A very similar composition emerges from volcanic eruptions today.
As the planet cooled further some of the water vapour condensed out to form oceans and they dissolved a portion of the CO2 but it was still present in the atmosphere in large amounts.
Coenzymes
Coenzymes are small organic molecules that, themselves, do not function as catalysts (i.e. enzymes) but aid the latter in carrying out their functions. Enzymes are biological catalysts, which means that they allow reactions to occur at lower activation energies. In a way, enzymes help to "speed up" chemical reactions.
Coenzymes are mostly derived from vitamins. Examples include TPP from Vitamin B1 (thiamine), FAD from Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), and NAD+ from Niacin.
Answer:
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