Baking soda is a white crystalline powder (NaHCO3) better known to chemists as sodium bicarbonate, bicarbonate of soda, sodium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium acid carbonate. It is classified as an acid salt, formed by combining an acid (carbonic) and a base (sodium hydroxide), and it reacts with other chemicals as a mild alkali. At temperatures above 300 degrees Fahrenheit (149 degrees Celsius), baking sodadecomposes into sodium carbonate (a more stable substance), water, and carbon dioxide.
The native chemical and physical properties of baking sodaaccount for its wide range of applications, including cleaning, deodorizing, buffering, and fire extinguishing.
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Baking soda neutralizes odors chemically, rather than masking or absorbing them. Consequently, it is used in bath salts and deodorant body powders. Baking soda tends to maintain a pH of 8.1 (7 is neutral) even when acids, which lower pH, or bases, which raise pH, are added to the solution. Its ability to tabletize makes it a good effervescent ingredient in antacids and denture cleaning products. Sodium bicarbonate is also found in some anti-plaque mouth-wash products and toothpaste. When baking soda is used as a cleaner in paste form or dry on a damp sponge, its crystalline structure provides a gentle abrasion that helps to remove dirt without scratching sensitive surfaces. Its mild alkalinity works to turn up fatty acids contained in dirt and grease into a form of soap that can be dissolved in water and rinsed easily. Baking soda is also used as a leavening agent in making baked goods such as bread or pancakes.
When combined with an acidic agent (such as lemon juice), carbon dioxide gas is released and is absorbed by the product's cells. As the gas expands during baking, the cell walls expand as well, creating a leavened product.
The factors which remained constant are as follows -
material used as the membrane
amount of substances used
number of trials
The factors which have shown variation are as follows -
molecule size (large starch molecules vs. small glucose molecules)
whether the molecules diffused through the membrane (tubing)
Explanation
Some factors with in the experiments remained constant from the point of starting of the experiment to its end. While some factors were varied to study its impact on the experiment rate of progression or on the final product formed. Thus , out of the following given factors, the ones that remained constant are -
material used as the membrane
amount of substances used
number of trials
The factors which have shown variation are as follows -
molecule size (large starch molecules vs. small glucose molecules)
whether the molecules diffused through the membrane (tubing)
Chemotherapy targets the cell directly; biological therapy tries to help the immune system so it will attack the cancer cells.
Explanation:
Both chemotherapy and biological therapy are approaches used in cancer treatment.
Chemotherapy involves the use of aggressive anti-cancer drugs. It targets cancer cells directly with the goal to destroy them.
Biological therapy, also called immunotherapy, is a type of treatment used in battling diseases by activating or suppressing the immune system. It is also used in cancer treatment. Its goal is to boost the immune system and help it fight against cancer.
<span>The reason behind the lipids which are able to function as protective barriers in cells is that lipids do not dissolve in water. If lipids dissolve in water, they will not be able to function as protective barriers in cells. N</span><span>ucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are the four types of macro-molecules in the cell.</span>
