<span>10% rule (efficiency between trophic levels): limits how long an ecosystem's food chain can be
Predator/prey
cost benefit analysis (i.e. foraging) -- cost is risk of being eaten or
killed along the way, benefit is energy/nourishment obtained: limits
distribution of predator v. prey
Immigration/Emigration with other populations and ecosystems
Island
biogeography: size of land and distance from another
population/ecosystem (mainland): limits population size and variability
on island</span>
In ecology, the law of conservation of mass is applied by the principle of taking energy from the lower trophic levels and passing it to the higher trophic level by any means.
<h3>What is the law of conservation of mass?</h3>
The law of conservation of mass states that the actual mass in an ecosystem is neither created nor destroyed. Overall remains constant in a system.
In ecology, it illustrates that when an organism is ingested by other organisms, its mass is conserved. Some of the organisms may also be dependent on the waste products like urine and feces to make proteins and other compounds.
Therefore, the energy or mass is neither lost in any form. It simply is taken by other organisms through any means.
To learn more about Ecological principles, refer to the link:
brainly.com/question/7413811
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Answer:
Competition for food happens when there is a limited amount of food resources available. The members of a species that eat that food who are best adapted to access the food are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes to the next generation.
For example, we have a bird feeder with a narrow opening for food. The small-headed birds can reach the food, the bigger-headed birds cannot. If this was the only food source for this area, then over time, there would be more smaller-headed birds than large-headed birds, due to the competition for food and success/lack of success.
Hello there, fellow human being!
The answer is D. unicellular.
Hope this helped!
~Ruru
