Answer:
ii) pO2 higher, pCO2 lesser
Answer:
Water in its liquid form has a boiling point temperature close to 100°C. As a result of the network of hydrogen bonding present between water molecules, a high input of energy is required to transform one gram of liquid water into water vapor, an energy requirement called the heat of vaporization.
Cohesion is responsible for the transport of the water column in plants. Adhesion is water attracted to other material.
Water has a greater surface tension than most other liquids because hydrogen bonds among surface water molecules resist stretching or breaking the surface.
Specific Heat is the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1*C.
Density is when hydrogen bonds in water expand as it warms and contracts as it cools. The hydrogen bonds keeps the molecules far enough a part to make ice have fewer molecules.
Explanation:
Answer: It is approximately the membrane potential at which the electrochemical gradient for Na+ is zero.
Explanation:
The charge in plasma membrane occurs with diffusion and electric fields.
For example, if there are two solutions, let's assume solution X and Solution Y are separated by a porous barrier (to diffuse in equal proportions).
The fundamental principle of diffusion states that solution from a high concentration diffuses to a lower concentration.
For instance, if the X solution contains 40 sodium ions and 40 chloride ions, the Y solution only has 30 sodium and 30 chloride ions. Due to the diffusion, these two solutions will mix and reach a steady-state.
The like charges repel, and opposite charges attract.
The scientists rely on the following cues to hypothesise and test for the presence of life on various extraterrestrial bodies:
1. Presence of water
2. Presence of hydrocarbons
3. Presence of carbon
4. Presence of salt pans
The presence of hydrocarbons may indicate that there's anaerobic life thriving beneath the surface of the meteorite. The presence of traces of carbon may indicate that there was life once thriving on its surface ( which however is not possible in case of a meteorite because of its size). The absence of any of the above listed items will indicate that the surface of the meteorite is devoid of any life.
