When they colonized the Americas the Europeans, especially the Spanish Crown took a lot of gold and silver from the native civilizations that were in the Americas at the time, especially the Aztecs and the Incas that has complex civilizations with a good deal of gold and silver jewelry and amulets and other objects made of precious metals. The Spanish Crown became the richest power in Europe by the late 1500s for a time as a result of all the gold and silver it was able to exploit and bring back to Europe. They began mining more intensively for the resources as well, especially in the case of silver, using primarily indigenous labor.
Jefferson strongly disagreed with the Supreme Court's decision in the case of Marbury v. Madison. Probably, he would have decided that since Congress had reasonably interpreted an ambiguous phrase of the Constitution, the courts should defer to that interpretation.
Karate, the Japanese word for “empty hands,” was born in the Okinawan Islands as a form of self-defense, at a time when weapons were banned by invading Japanese forces.
