The answer would be "Father's father" 'cause when boy born, he receives Y chromosome from his father and not X so he can't transfer it to his daughter, as he will transfer his X chromosome to her.
In short, Your Answer would be Option D
Hope this helps!
The prey is likely to decrease/decline if the predator's population increases
Extreme disturbances are complex events. The terminology used to identify them, such as 'hurricanes,' 'fires,' 'economic collapse,' 'war,' or 'drought,' is insufficient for advancing understanding about how they interact with, and affect, ecosystems, including SETS.