The Ptolemaic system is a geocentric cosmology, which assumed that the earth was stationary and at the center of the whole universe. It is important to remember, though, that even during Galileo's time, most people believed that the earth was the center of the universe and the sun rotated around our planet.
The expectation for the old civilizations was that the sun, moon, planets and stars were supposed to travel in an uniform motion. This motion was supposed to be a circle which was considered the closest to a perfect path for the heavenly bodies.
However, when studying the paths of those heavenly bodies, they could observe that, at least looking from Earth, the paths were not circular.
Therefore Ptolemy had a hypothesis that explained the <em>'supposed imperfection'</em>. In his model, he suggested that the apparently irregularity in the paths of the moons and starts were a combination of perfect paths (or circular motions) seen in perspective from the stationary body of the observer.
His suggestion was that, the planets were rotating around a center like the moon rotates the earth and they were doing this rotating movement around the earth like the moon rotates the sun fixed at Earth's rotation therefore giving us the illusion that they were not in a circular/perfect path.
So, in Ptolemy's system, Venus would rotate around our planet the same way that our moon rotates around the sun.
Britain was able to become a global power by the 1700s becasue it was suitably positioned to control trade. Europe was also industrializing and was generally winning in European conflicts. Free trade with Scotland and Ireland created a larger market for farmers and manufacturers.
Answer: industrial revolution not only affected working class, it created working class. It was the main consequence, because before there was only labour working on the fields. The second consequence was that industrial revolution caused process or urbanization (people moving from country to towns and cities) and the third one was that the social conflict became more visible.
Explanation: European society was mainly rural society before the industrial revolution. Majority of people lived in the countryside and in certain harmony with the nature. Industrial revolution cut off people from the nature and natural life-style. Sometimes it is referred as "alienation". Result of that were masses of "alienated" people suppressing their natural drives and life-style of their ancestors. These people frequently lived in inhuman conditions in towns, were explored and this was something that contradicted to the ideals of Enlightenment and the French revolution. Working class became aware of this social problem in 1848 but at the same time there was a nationalism ...another strong tendency among masses of people. So people became increasingly aware both their social status (and conflict, and alienation) and their nationality.
The Spanish was not involved in the Crusades they just discovered countries<span />
It decreased prices for consumers.
