Mathematics - Vedic literature is replete with concepts of zero, the techniques of algebra and algorithm, square root and cube root. Arguably, the origins of Calculus lie in India 300 years before Leibnitz and Newton.
Astronomy - Rig Veda (2000 BC) refers to astronomy.
Physics - Concepts of atom and theory of relativity were explicitly stated by an Indian Philosopher around 600 BC.
Chemistry - Principles of chemistry did not remain abstract but also found expression in distillation of perfumes, aromatic liquids, manufacturing of dyes and pigments, and extraction of sugar.
Medical science & surgery - Around 800 BC, first compendium on medicine and surgery was complied in ancient India.
Mechanical & production technology - Greek historians have testified to smelting of certain metals in India in the 4th century BC.
Civil engineering & architecture - The discovery of urban settlements of Mohenjodaro and Harappa indicate existence of civil engineering & architecture, which blossomed to a highly precise science of civil engineering and architecture and found expression in innumerable monuments of ancient India.
Shipbuilding & navigation - Sanskrit and Pali texts have several references to maritime activity by ancient Indians.Sports & games - Ancient India is the birth place of chess, ludo, snakes and ladders and playing cards.
Sparta had what is known as a diarchical monarchy. The government's complete makeup consisted of dual kings; a council of about 30 gerontes or gerousia, which are rich elders; the ephors, a small council of five people and an assembly, called the Appella or Demos, of the common people who gathered once a month. The ephors were voted in yearly and this group held a lot of power. The ephors had the power to put the kings on trial and possibly impeach him if found guilty. This small council of five served as a type of supreme court. There were two members of the ephors always with the kings on military campaigns to help keep an eye on the interests of the state.
Frontier became a part of America's identity. It represented many things to Americans. Adventure, danger, freedom and opportunity represents the frontier. It is because of the end of the frontier, it had a psychological impact to Americans because the frontier became their sort of escape mechanism.
House slaves had on call schedule of 24/7. These kind of slaves
typically lived better than of the field slaves. They generally
had better food and
were occasionally given the family's cast-off or used clothing. They slept in
cellars, garrets, and hallway in great houses.
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