Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
Explanation:
frameshift mutation is a type of mutation involving the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in which the number of deleted base pairs is not divisible by three. ... Each group of three bases corresponds to one of 20 different amino acids used to build a protein.
genome dot gov
Second-degree burn is the type of burn represented by the formation of the blisters.
Second-degree burn is a burn that affects the epidermis and the superficial part of the dermis layer (skin). Second-degree burn may be caused by sunburn, chemicals, scald injuries, flames or electricity. The burn site may appear blistered, red, wet and shiny, and may be swollen and painful.
1.
Paramecium
2.
Amoeba
3.
Paramecium
4.
Euglena
5.
Volvox
6.
Amoeba?
7.
Amoeba
8.
Cilia
9.
Flagellum
10. Psuedopods
11. Flagella
12. Euglena
(Chloroplast)
13. Amoeba
14. Euglena
15. Paramecium
16. Paramecium
17. Amoeba
18. Volvox
I hope this is all correct!
