There are 2 types of transport mechanisms that involve the movement of materials across the cellular membrane:
1. Passive Transport Mechanisms which is the movement of materials that does not require energy. Instead the movement relies on the permeability of the cell. Under this are three kinds of passive transport mechanisms:
a. Simple Diffusion:
- the movement of materials from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. No external energy is necessary for the movement. The materials supply the energy themselves.
b. Facilitated Diffusion:
- This differs from simple diffusion because the movement is facilitated by proteins that make up the structure of the membrane. The proteins include channel proteins that allow ions and smaller molecules to cross the membrane. The other protein are the carrier proteins, which bind to materials like sugar molecules and move it across the membrane.
c. Osmosis:
- This is the diffusion of water across the membrane. Osmosis moves water from regions where there are more water molecules of water per volume to regions where there are less water molecules per volume.
2. Active transport on the other hand is a movement mechanism that requires energy. It uses the energy to send materials against the direction it is coming from through simple diffusion. This mechanism is used in a way to keep unwanted ions or other materials out of the cell.
Animal Y is an invertebrate, animal Z is a vertebrate
Answer:
The correct answer is "I would suggest her to change the Gram positive control from Bacillus subtilis to other bacteria".
Explanation:
Bacillus subtilis, and the species from the genre Bacillus, are known for losing the crystal violet coloration during Gram testing. It is likely that B. subtilis might look pink under the procedure for this reason. I would suggest to change her Gram positive control from B. subtilis to other bacteria. For instance, she could try with Staphylococcus aureus, a widely used bacteria as Gram positive control.
Shells are the exoskeletons of clams, snails and oysters. Hope that helps
Species is a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes.
Hope it helps yah (◕ᴗ◕✿)
