Answer:
This is for the offspring to show traits that come from both the mother and father.
Explanation:
Gametes are formed by a kind of cell division called meiosis in which the chromosome number is halved. Thus the said gamete cell is said to contain a haploid number of chromosomes.
The fusion of two haploid gametes is called fertilization. It results in the formation of single celled zygote which has a diploid number of chromosomes. The zygote now divides and develops to produce the offsprings whose somatic cells are diploid.
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis is to stop the cilia of epithelial cells from beating.
<em>Bordetella pertussis</em> is a pathogenic, gram-negative bacteria. It is the causative agent of highly communicable respiratory disease known as pertussis or whooping cough.
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis:
- This bacterium colonizes the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory airways of the host.
- A surface protein on the bacteria called filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin binds to sulfatides on the cilia of epithelial cells. When the bacterium is anchored, it releases tracheal cytotoxin, which prevents the cilia from beating.
- As a result, the cilia in an organism's lungs are unable to sweep out foreign material, and the body reacts by causing the host to cough. When people cough, bacteria are released into the air, where they might spread to other hosts.
- Another toxin called the pertussis toxin, often known as PTx, prevents adenylate cyclase from using ATP to convert to cyclic AMP. This results in over-conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which may interfere with cellular signaling systems. As a result, phagocytes are unable to respond to an infection effectively.
Know more about <em>Bordetella pertussis</em> here:
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I’m pretty sure it’s D.
Qualitative data is data that can be observed but cannot be measured
The only thing not being measured is descriptions of behavior
physical defense
chemical defense
camouflage
social defense