d. plantations required a large work force, and slavery was a cheap and easy way to fulfill labor needs.
I would say b or d, since pathos is usually related to emotional content.
Answer:
1. He gave me a chair to sit.
2. I want to buy some clothes.
3. Barking dogs seldom bite.
4. He was wearing a torn shirt.
5. He had his shoes polished.
Explanation: