I think that is (a)
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I believe the answer is: Gemeinschaft; Gesellschaft
In english language, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft would be translated as 'community and society'. Tonnies used this term to differentiate social ties into two types. Community exist based on personal ties (such as similar hobbies, favourites, etc), and society exist based on formal ties ( such as law/regulations).
The October Revolution would not have taken place without the prior experience of the Russian revolution of 1905.
