Answer:
Background
During the course of a bacterial infection, the rapid identification of the causative agent(s) is necessary for the determination of effective treatment options. We have developed a method based on a modified broad-range PCR and an oligonucleotide microarray for the simultaneous detection and identification of 12 bacterial pathogens at the species level. The broad-range PCR primer mixture was designed using conserved regions of the bacterial topoisomerase genes gyrB and parE. The primer design allowed the use of a novel DNA amplification method, which produced labeled, single-stranded DNA suitable for microarray hybridization. The probes on the microarray were designed from the alignments of species- or genus-specific variable regions of the gyrB and parE genes flanked by the primers. We included mecA-specific primers and probes in the same assay to indicate the presence of methicillin resistance in the bacterial species. The feasibility of this assay in routine diagnostic testing was evaluated using 146 blood culture positive and 40 blood culture negative samples.
Explanation:
Results
Comparison of our results with those of a conventional culture-based method revealed a sensitivity of 96% (initial sensitivity of 82%) and specificity of 98%. Furthermore, only one cross-reaction was observed upon investigating 102 culture isolates from 70 untargeted bacteria. The total assay time was only three hours, including the time required for the DNA extraction, PCR and microarray steps in sequence.
The skin is cooled through evaporation.
Answer:
<h2>
A. mRNA ( messenger RNA),B. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and C. tRNA (transfer RNA )</h2>
Explanation:
A. mRNA ( messenger RNA);
i)it is the most abundant form of RNA
,
ii) specifies the amino acid sequence for a protein
,
iii) contains exons.
B. rRNA (ribosomal RNA);
i) it is assembled in the nucleolus
,
ii) is a component of ribosomes
.
C. tRNA (transfer RNA );
i) contains anticodon,
ii) has amino acids covalently attached
.
Answer:
All of these environmental disturbances use such energy present within the ecosystem to survive and reproduce. In order to conserve the health of the environment, the best thing that can be done is finding ways to reuse the energy as much as we can such as recycling cardboards or tin cans. Other ways would be to lower use of carbon emitting cars and have more conservation awareness.
Answer:
Explanation:
LHON (Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy): Is a disease that is characterized by loss of vision in young adults.
Sickle cell anemia: Is a disease characterized by production of abnormally shaped red blood cells, that is, not round in shape as normal but are 'sickle' shaped or elongated/crescent shaped.
Both diseases are heritable But LHON is caused by mutations existing in the mitochondrion thus only inherited maternally.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by mutations in the HBB gene which produces the beta subunit of hemoglobin. It is inherited from recessive genes of both parents.
