Explanation:
Introduction
When empires fall, they tend to stay dead. The same is true of government systems. Monarchy has been in steady decline since the American Revolution, and today it is hard to imagine a resurgence of royalty anywhere in the world. The fall of the Soviet bloc dealt a deathblow to communism; now no one expects Marx to make a comeback. Even China's ruling party is communist only in name.
There are, however, two prominent examples of governing systems reemerging after they had apparently ceased to exist. One is democracy, a form of government that had some limited success in a small Greek city-state for a couple of hundred years, disappeared, and then was resurrected some two thousand years later. Its re-creators were non-Greeks, living under radically different conditions, for whom democracy was a word handed down in the philosophy books, to be embraced only fitfully and after some serious reinterpretation. The other is the Islamic state.
From the time the Prophet Muhammad and his followers withdrew from Mecca to form their own political community until just after World War I—almost exactly thirteen hundred years—Islamic governments ruled states that ranged from fortified towns to transcontinental empires. These states, separated in time, space, and size, were so Islamic that they did not need the adjective to describe themselves. A common constitutional theory, developing and changing over the course of centuries, obtained in all. A Muslim ruler governed according to God's law, expressed through principles and rules of the shari'a that were expounded by scholars. The ruler's fulfillment of the duty to command what the law required and ban what it prohibited made his authority lawful and legitimate.
The Sumerians invented the first writing system. People needed a way to keep track of business transactions, ownership rights, and government records as Sumerian towns grew into cities. Around 3300 BC, the Sumerians began to keep records on clay tablets with picture symbols.
Cuneiform writing was used to record a wide range of information, including temple activities, commerce, and trade. Cuneiform was also used to record stories, myths, and personal correspondence.
Cuneiform appears to have been invented by the Sumerians for the mundane purpose of keeping accounts and records of business transactions, but it eventually evolved into a full-fledged writing system used for everything from poetry and history to law codes and literature.
To know more about Cuneiform here
brainly.com/question/606897
#SPJ4
Answer:The Weimar Republic faced violent uprisings from various groups, not to mention devastating economic problems. Germany between 1918 and 1919 was in chaos. People were starving, the Kaiser had fled and people hated the government for signing the armistice in November 1918 - they called them the November criminals.
Maintain army and a navy, coin money, make treaties with foreign nations and raise taxes
Shortage of money, gun powder, and food
