A cladogram is an image or a diagram that shows us an evolutionary relationship between different organisms. Up at the top we find the different organisms and their names. Along the side is where we find their characteristics. Anything that is past each characteristic will have that characteristic as you move up the cladogram. This diagram also shows which organisms are most closely related to one another.
Please see the image for an example. In this example we can see that the Koalas evolved after the trout.
I hope this helps, Regards.
The first organisms to grow in new or disturb areas is called pioneer species.
Answer:
Natural selection leads to evolution due to the way reproduction works. In the example of European moths during the industrial revolution, we can see this clearly. When the industrial revolution was going, there was more pollution, hence darkening the skies and leaving ash. Moths, which before were white with occasional black spots dominated the area until pollution effected their environment. Whiter moths were eaten by bird who could easily see them against the black trees and skies. These moths could no longer reproduce, they were dead. Moths with more black could survive longer to reproduce because they were harder to see. As time went along, the moths turned mostly black, showing an example of evolution.
Cyanobacteria are primitive organisms where chloroplasts are believed to be originated. Now, with the theory of endosymbiosis, this suggests that these organelle from cyanobacteria was engulfed by other organisms which has helped them process light with the help of chloroplasts.
Answer:
The basic difference between the kind of fertilization most common in aquatic and terrestrial animal is that terrestrial animal lay their sperm into the environment to fertilize eggs, while aquatic animals lay their eggs in the water bodies in order to carry out the process of fertilization, because the sperm of aquatic animals need water as a medium in order to travel and meet the egg present in the water bodies so that fertilization can occur.
