I am going to say 1 because it started 2.5 billion years ago and is still hapinung today
He or she does this by using each branch the executive, legislative, and judical branches.
They didn't go far enough because although all types of institutionalized racism was forbidden by constitutional means, it didn't stop people from being racists. They still behaved like racists and often it would happen that people of color would get punished much more in court than Caucasian people, or people who were racists and did bad things against the African-American population would walk free, especially in smaller communities.
It's mainly because of A and B, because after the war, the industrial resolution happened, and farmers are replaced by machines, farmers has no work to do, their speed is no compare to the machines, so they must move to another place. Also the population in Europe is growing in a extremely fast speed. Hope that helps :)
Mexico claimed it before 1821, but after im pretty sure only america claimed new mexico