The most logical solution would be that "he" is this sentence is referring to eh subject of the sentence, the person doing the "refusing", although it's possible that if this were part of a more complex sentence it would be someone else
Unit 5: The Early Republic Flashcards | Quizlet
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This used loose construction of the Constitution and the Necessary and Proper Clause. He argued that the Elastic Clause gave Congress implied powers, which are powers not listed in the constitution but are necessary for the government to do its job. ... Congress eventually passed this bill.
The were unsuccessful at stoping him
It is a political cartoon my Benjamin Franklin targeting the British colonies. The letters above the snake are abbreviated names for these colonies.