This was a time of ongoing religious wars known as "Holy Wars". The capital of the Byzantine Empire, known as Constantinople, had fallen at the hands of the Turkish Ottoman Empire, who practiced the Muslim faith.
As a response, the western Christians gathered in arms and started a series of military campaigns known as <em>"The Crusades"</em> with the objective of retaking territories that were currently under Turkish (Muslim) control in the name of God. Spain had been one of these conquested territories, so at the time, people living in the Iberian Peninsula could be either Christian or Muslim.
This is when time started and earth was created
Answer: A. a paradigm shift,as it challenged the existing paradigm of the day
Explanation:
A paradigm shift is a major change that occurs in the practices and the concepts of how something works.
Since Ptolemy believed that the earth was at the center of the universe while Copernicus asserted the notion that the sun was at the center of the solar system. Thomas Kuhn would call this an example of paradigm shift.
I believe the answer is: the government's protection of their lives, liberty, and property.
For example, due to the existence of government, individuals have to sacrifice our ability to establish businesses however we like. But, in return the government would provide law enforcement if there is other citizens who had bad intentions toward us.
