Historically, heliocentrism (theory that placed the sun as the center of the universe) was opposed to geocentrism, (theory that placed Earth at the center of the universe). Although discussions of the possibility of heliocentrism dating back to Classical Antiquity, only 1800 years later, in the sixteenth century, the subject gained explicit notoriety in eliciting and establishing a divorce between religious dogmatic thinking and scientific thought; to him and to the judgment of Galileo Galilei before the Inquisition tracing the origins of science in a modern sense. At that time, Polish mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to present a consistent and complete predictive mathematical model of a heliocentric system. Yet without accurate precision and a bit confused, however, Copernicus's model was later restructured, expanded and refined by Johannes Kepler. The causal physical explanation for the Kepler model was provided by Isaac Newton via the law of universal gravitation, and the model was then established of great value to this day.
Renaissance is a French word meaning “rebirth.” It refers to a period in European civilization that was marked by a revival of Classical learning and wisdom.
