It gives examples on how Jack and the boys personalities, characteristics, etc. are.
Hope this helps.
To understand if they are noun phrases or not, it is necessary to understand its definition:
A noun phrase is a word or a set of words including a noun, whose function in a sentence can be: to act as a subject, an object or a prepositional object.
Sentence A is not a noun phrase. it is a prepositional phrase functioning as the postmodifier of the noun phrase (a lovely bouquet).
Sentence B is a noun phrase functioning as the subject of the sentence.
Sentence C is a noun phrase functioning as a direct object.
Sentence D is not a noun phrase, as it is a dependent clause and has not nouns in it.
The answer is the king's murder
I would say that they shouldn't be surrounded by a lot of white space and should have clear captions. The question of white space is one of good presentation so the visual looks like an integral part of the whole topic and having clear captions is so that the visual is well explained what it is.
