One significant issue was the integral role of automobiles and construction in American industry.
She made an impact because in this point in history there was a lot of segregation on buses and to stand up to a white man is a huge deal. Even though she got sent to jail she made it possible for others to stand up to segregation and to stand up for free rights.
France lost nearly all of its North American possessions after losing the French and Indian War to Britain.
Gradual end. There was still fighting even after US withdrawal. The war did ultimately end.