It’s cheaper to mine on land
I’m pretty sure it’s the 2nd one :)
The Rhine is the correct answer
They are the same distance from the equator.
After studying the graph you posted and doing some research there are several tectonic features beneath the moving Pacific Plate that caused the volcanoes to form in both the Loa and Kea trends. A few of the acceptable answers are rising magma, Hawaii Hot Spot, mantle plume, and a hot spot.