Answer:
A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.
Explanation:
DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.
In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.
ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC
A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.
ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC
As you can see, none of the other codons changed.
Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.
Answer:
D. Lots of vegetation
Explanation:
Urban heat islands form when cities replace natural land cover with dense concentrations of heat-absorbing pavement, buildings, and other surfaces. This has the impact of raising energy prices (for example, air conditioning), air pollution levels, and heat-related sickness and mortality.
I believe your answer is B :)
Fungi doesn't have chlorophyll and they digest food internally so your 2 answers are B and D.
