<span>Stimulation of muscarinic receptors, a type of ACh receptor located in postganglionic synapses of the parasympathetic nervous system, would cause K+ channels to open, resulting in hyperpolarization of cardiac plasma membranes and a decreased heart rate.</span>
One method is to microinject deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into eggs; another method is to use vortex mixing to create tiny holes in the eggs through which DNA enters.
<h3>Process of gene transfer</h3>
Genetic engineering techniques are steps that are taken to create a genetically modified organism that can be used for studies. This technique involves the following major steps:
- Isolation of DNA fragments from a donor organism,
- The insertion of an isolated donor DNA fragment into a vector genome; and
- The growth of a recombinant vector in an appropriate host.
The insertion of an isolated donor DNA fragment into a vector genome can be done through microinjection method or vortex mixing.
When eggs are used as vector genome, microinjection of DNA can be carried out or vortex mixing can be used to create tiny holes in the eggs through which DNA enters.
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