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iragen [17]
3 years ago
7

Know the differences between the littoral zone and the benthic zone

Biology
1 answer:
Olin [163]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Littoral Zone:

The littoral zone or nearshore is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. In coastal environments, the littoral zone extends from the high water mark, which is rarely inundated, to shoreline areas that are permanently submerged. The littoral zone always includes this intertidal zone, and the terms are often used interchangeably. However, the meaning of littoral zone can extend well beyond the intertidal zone.

Benthic Zone:

The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. Organisms living in this zone are called benthos and include microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and fungi) as well as larger invertebrates, such as crustaceans and polychaetes. Organisms here generally live in close relationship with the substrate and many are permanently attached to the bottom. The benthic boundary layer, which includes the bottom layer of water and the uppermost layer of sediment directly influenced by the overlying water, is an integral part of the benthic zone, as it greatly influences the biological activity that takes place there. Examples of contact soil layers include sand bottoms, rocky outcrops, coral, and bay mud.

Explanation:

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1. which pairing matches the structures shown in the cell diagrams with th
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Explanation:

D. E: photosynthesis; D: cellular respiration

Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent.

In the light reactions, occuring within the thykaloid, and stroma of the chloroplasts, water supplies the pigment chlorophyll with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent; it reduces the molecule NADP to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the dark reactions, or Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.

Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’s cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate (through the process of glycoysis). The electron transport chain, in which oxygen functions as the terminal electron acceptor, occurs in both plants and animals. Respiration includes:

  • Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules.
  • The Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
  • The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.

Learn more about cellular respiration at brainly.com/question/11203046

Learn more about Photosynthesis at brainly.com/question/4216541

Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903

#LearnWithBrainly

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3 years ago
The structure of a substrate P strongly resembles substrate Q. In an experiment, By mistake P was used instead of Q as a substra
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<h3><u>Answer;</u></h3>

C) P and Q have similar binding properties

<h3><u>Explanation;</u></h3>
  • <u><em>Enzymes are biological catalysts that speeds up chemical reactions. Substrates are substances that are acted on by an enzyme to form a product.</em></u>
  • <u><em>An enzyme catalyzed reaction occurs when the substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme to form and enzyme-substrate complex. </em></u>
  • <em><u>Substrate P and Q are structurally similar which means they are in a position of binding and fitting in the active site of an enzyme. The strong structural similarity means that the binding properties of these two different substrates may be similar. </u></em>
  • <em><u>Formation of similar products or results when acted upon by an enzyme mean they are similar in terms of their binding properties, and thus the production of similar product.</u></em>
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