The hallmark feature of an analytic epidemiologic study is the use of an appropriate comparison group.
Analytic epidemiology is the study concerned with tracking causes and effects, or the why and the how of a particular disease. Epidemiologists use analytic epidemiology to define the relationship between exposures and effects and to test assumptions about causal relationships.
Comparison groups are very important in an epidemiologic study they are used to approximate the counterfactual data defining how the disease would have progressed without the intervention. The more similar that comparison group is to the subject group, the stronger the evaluation can be.
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Answer:
1. Earth's temperature is maintained by re radiated infra red radiation by green green house gases and slightly by water vapors in atmosphere. These gases prevent heat from escaping to outer space, so are functionally comparable to glass panel of green house. Thus, this heating effect is referred to as green house effect. Carbon dioxide is a green house gas so increased amount of this gas in the atmosphere will result in increased atmospheric temperature and global warming.
2. Three sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide are:
- Volcanic eruption
- Respiration by plants and animals
- Decomposition of organic substance.
Explanation:
- <u>Overall rise in temperature </u>of the Earth due to excessive amount of green house gases in atmosphere that trap heat radiating from Earth's surface is called Global warming.
- Global warming can cause melting of ice caps, alteration of seasons, destruction of forest and increase in deserts.
- Green house gases include carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen dioxide etc.
- Among all these gases Carbon dioxide is the major component that is responsible for global warming.
- Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by burning of fossil fuels, volcanic eruption and respiration. But Burning of fossil fuels itself adds about 18 X 10¹² tonnes of CO₂ anually.
- Global warming has become a major environmental concern now and needs to be controlled immediately.
Answer:
hypha and rhizoids
Explanation:
most of the fungi are saprotroph. They secretes digestive enzymes from hypha of the mycelium on the dead and decaying matter. Digestive enzymes digest complex organic materials into simpler and soluble form in the external medium. With the help of a root-like structure called rhizoids absorb nutrients from external medium into their body.
c because
The first plants to move into the new bare ground after a wildfire are wildflowers or “weeds.” These fast-germinating, leafy herbaceous plants are also known as “forbs” or “ephemerals.” They quickly germinate, grow and produce a new crop of seeds.
