Of the options you provided, re-absorption of water is not a direct function of the verebrate liver.
this is done by the excretory & urinary systems - mostly by large intestine to be more exact. The kidneys also play a role in water re-absorption, but they don't play as a significant of a role as the large intestines, which usues many many villi to re-absorb water beofre it's lost during excretion.
Genetically modified bacteria (recombinant bacteria) with the human gene for insulin is useful because after it’s being put in fermentation tank it starts to produce human insulin protein. The process of making recombinant bacteria includes DNA cloning.
A target gene, in this case, insulin gene, is inserted into a circular piece of DNA called a plasmid via restriction enzymes and DNA ligases. Recombinant DNA is then introduced into bacteria via a process called transformation. With the right conditions the bacteria that contains the human insulin gene, will start transcribing the gene and translating the mRNA to produce many molecules of human insulin protein.
With type 1 diabetes, beta cells produce little or no insulin. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. This buildup of glucose in the blood is called hyperglycemia. The body is unable to use the glucose for energy
