Question

What makes water a polar molecule? 

Answer 1

Answer: D. The uneven bend in the bond between oxygen and hydrogen​

Explanation:

A polar covalent bond is defined as the bond which is formed when there is a difference of electronegativities between the atoms. It is also defined as the bond which is formed due to the unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms.  An electronegative atom is the one which attracts the shared pair of electron towards itself.

Ionic bond is formed when there is complete transfer of electron from one atom to another atom.

In water, there is sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen where the electron pair is more attracted to the more electronegative oxygen atom and thus acquire a partial negative charge. The hydrogen will acquire a partial positive charge.

Answer 2

The uneven bend in the bond between oxygen and hydrogen makes water a polar molecule.

Further Explanation

Polar molecules  

• Polar molecules result from a difference in electronegativity between bonded atoms.
• For example in water the bonded atoms of oxygen and Hydrogen have a difference in electronegativity such that oxygen is partially electronegative while hydrogen is partially positive.
• Atoms in a polar molecule do not share electrons equally in a covalent bond. In a polar molecule such as water molecule, a dipole is formed with one part of the molecule carrying a partial positive charge while the other carries a partial negative charge.
• Dipole forms when there is a difference in electronegativity of each atom in a polar molecule.

Examples of a polar molecules;

• Ethanol; between hydrogen and oxygen atom.  
• Water; between hydrogen and oxygen atoms  
• Ammonia; Nitrogen and hydrogen atoms  

Non-polar molecules  

• These are molecules that have atoms sharing electrons equally in a diatomic molecule.  In these molecules there is no net electrical charge across the molecule.
• Non polar bond forms when the difference in electronegativity between atoms is less than 0.5. They also form when atoms sharing a polar bond are aligned in such a way that the net electric charge is zero.  
• Examples of non-polar molecules include; noble gases, such as He, carbon dioxide, methane, benzene, etc.

Keywords: Polar molecules, non-polar molecules, dipole, polar and non-polar bond  

Learn more about:

• Polar bond and non-polar bond: brainly.com/question/1698296
• Polar molecule: brainly.com/question/1224032
• Non-polar molecules: brainly.com/question/4162011
• Bonds and electronegativity: brainly.com/question/12708812

Level: High school  

Subject: Chemistry  

Topic: Structure and bonding  

Sub-topic: Polar and Non-polar bond