The answer is pollution and acid rain due to industry and factories in urban areas.
Hope this helps!!! :)
President Ronald Reagan was anti-communistic. Before Gorbachev came to power, he used to profess his absolute abhorrence of the Soviet Union and would have nothing to do with them. But his views mellowed somewhat after Gorbachev, however, it did not mean he changed his views about communism but he was more concerned with the threat of nuclear weapons and he saw that it was possible to achieve peaceful relations with the Soviet Union, even though that peaceful relation took a long time to happen.
A. Immigration was one of the biggest things because once everyone saw that this country was going to be good and they had a lot of natural resources, everyone wanted to come. Later on even the Chinese even wanted to come over to the US. B. Epidemic... well, I don't know if you mean epidemic the disease or epidemic as something that is everywhere in an area. Epidemic means that it is spread out across an area and it could be either a sickness or it could also be something like just everyone has. C. Apprentice is someone that is learning eventually. An apprentice could have been someone that was like helping someone else (sort of like indentured servants) and within the years they would leave and they would do their own thing. D. Civic Virtue could be something like the people expressing their voice. The pamphlet by Thomas Paine asking the people to please reconsider was a way to express their thoughts. Another example would be like voting.