(a)
We have been given an equation 
. Upon taking derivative of this equation with respect to x on both the sides, we get:
(b)
In order to write the equation of tangent line, we need to find the slope of the line. We know that point (3,11) lies on the graph. Therefore, we write the slope of the tangent as:
Therefore, equation of tangent line is:
(c)
We know that slope of tangent is given as 
. The tangent will be vertical when denominator of slope is zero, that is:
Answer:
In this study, we tested the effects of NEAA-deprived diets and checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 in colon cancer using syngeneic mouse model (Balb/c) bearing tumors of mouse colorectal cancer cell line CT-26. Three diets were tested, including a natural rodent diet Teklad ENVIGO Global 16% Protein Rodent Diet (control 1), a formulated NEAA-complete diet COMPLETE (control 2, using amino acid mix in place of protein), and a formulated NEAA-deprived diet FTN203 (treatment, using amino acid mix in place of protein). Both COMPLETE and FTN203 have the same nutritional structures, contain 17% w/w protein equivalent, and are isocaloric. After tumor size-based randomization, these diets were provided to mice ad libitum throughout the whole test. Each of these diets was used alone or combined with anti-PD-1 antibody (i.p., twice per week for 2 weeks) or anti-PD-L1 antibody (i.v., twice per week for 2 weeks).
Explanation:
Unless extraterrestrial humans enter Earth or people leave to inhabit another planet, net global immigration and emigration are both zero. Thus, to reduce the rate of global population change, the number of births must be reduced or the number of deaths must be increased.
