Luther stated that only faith is needed to achive salvation not good works which have basis in Luther's approach to concept of free will. Erasmus was supporter of catholic theology most notably Thomas Aquinas and concept of free will, he stated that free will is core of Christianity and is gift from God to have ability to choos betwen good and bad
Neither, because the power dynamic shifted between the church and the kings.
I answered this same question a few years ago
Nd Arthur Laffer, the creator of supply-side economics, may have fathered six children.
In my opinion it should be Congress