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Gennadij [26K]
3 years ago
8

The protein Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) plays a role in specifying the identity of digits (such as fingers and toes) in mammals. Severa

l digits arise directly from cells that both express and respond to secrete SHH. What type of signaling would this be considered
Biology
1 answer:
mylen [45]3 years ago
6 0
<h2>Autocrine signaling </h2>

Explanation:

In autocrine signaling,signal acts on same cells which produce them

  • Sonic Hedgehog helps in cell growth and development
  • Hedgehog signaling pathway plays an essential role during vertebrate embryonic development
  • Sonic hedgehog has particularly marked roles in nervous system cell type specification and limbs patterning
  • Activation of sonic hedgehog pathway can happen in two major ways:
  • Canonical signaling: by ligand-dependent interaction or through receptor-induced signaling
  • Non-canonical signaling:when there’s a mechanism of activation downstream of smoothened
  • The sonic hedgehog canonical signaling occurs when the glycoprotein sonic hedgehog binds and inactivates the 12-transmembrane protein Patched
  • In the lack of the ligand sonic hedgehog, the activity of the 7-transmembrane protein smoothened is inhibited by patched so sonic hedgehog protein binding patched regulates smoothened activity
  • The non–canonical activation occurs through Gli-independent mechanisms and it can be of two types
  • Type I which modulates Ca2+ and actin cytoskeleton
  • When sonic hedgehog binds the receptor patched, smoothened is no longer inhibited and couple Gi proteins (G) and small GTPases RhoA and Rac1 activated
  • Type II is the one which is independent on smoothened
  • When smoothened binds patched, the interaction of patched with cyclin B1 is disrupted, leading to an increase in cell proliferation and survival
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