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Using intracellular pH (pHi) imaging, we investigated Cl transport mechanisms in freshwater rainbow trout gill mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells. In isolated MR cells, scanning electron microscopy has shown that cellular polarity is maintained.
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What is Transport in Two Species of Freshwater Fish?</h3>
Large amounts of diluted water constantly flow across the gill epithelium of freshwater fish, causing them to experience an ionic stress. Since the mechanisms of ion and acid-base transport are connected at the gill, this is made worse by an acid-base disruption. Active transport at specialised mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells on the gill surface helps the fish maintain homeostasis. As a result, the freshwater gill has served as a crucial model system for figuring out the transport processes that allow for the overriding of adverse ion gradients. Numerous research have tried to clarify the mechanisms of ion and acid-base transport in freshwater fishes during the past ten years using a range of methodologies.
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Answer:
In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
The three tenets to the cell theory are as described below: All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Explanation:
In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction. With continual improvements made to microscopes over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells in the 17th century. This discovery is largely attributed to Robert Hooke, and began the scientific study of cells, also known as cell biology. Over a century later, many debates about cells began amongst scientists. Most of these debates involved the nature of cellular regeneration, and the idea of cells as a fundamental unit of life. Cell theory was eventually formulated in 1839.
The answer is that the equatorial regions receive sun rays closest to the vertical (direct rays) because of their position relative to the equator where the tilting of the earth only mildly affects the climate. The climate along the equator changes very little through out the year and has summer like conditions for most of the year.
However the other regions may receive direct sun rays but for far more limited periods. In the months of July and August (summer months), the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and receives the most direct rays. The opposite occurs in December and January when it is tilted away from the sun and thus winter sets in, whereas the southern hemisphere is at this time tilted toward the sun and receives the most direct sun rays.
