Answer:
<u>the bottleneck effect</u>
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Explanation:
Genetic drift has an important impact on the small populations. mutations, which are spontaneous heritable changes in the genetic code, made up of DNA. Here, mutations accumulate over time in a group, modifying the distribution of alleles or various forms of a gene. Natural selection may result in a loss of diversity in a population called genetic drift; one trait's allelic frequency rises while others become less prevalent. Typically such differences exist because of occurrences of mutation and recombination.
Some mutations or alleles may become extinct from the population.
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Variants of a gene accumulate and are transmitted across generations; the frequencies of these occurrences are altered and become more stable in genetic drift- they become genetically distinct and may eventually form a new species after isolation. This may be further compounded through other phenomena such as the founder effect where a group separates and genetic diversity decreases; and the bottleneck effect where barriers to reproduction or the die-off a population increases genetic drift.
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We know that Hardy-Weinberg conditions include the following equations:
![p^{2}+2pq+ q^{2}=1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20p%5E%7B2%7D%2B2pq%2B%20q%5E%7B2%7D%3D1%20%20)
where ![p+q=1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20p%2Bq%3D1%20)
And where p = dominant, and q = recessive; this means that
is equal to the homozygous dominant,
is the heterozygous, and
is the homozygous recessive .
So we have 100 total cats, with 4 having the recessive white coat color. That means we have a ratio of
or 0.04. Let that equal our
value.
So when we solve for q, we get:
![q^{2}=0.04](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20q%5E%7B2%7D%3D0.04%20%20)
![q=\sqrt{0.04} =0.2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20q%3D%5Csqrt%7B0.04%7D%20%3D0.2%20)
Now that we have our q value, we can use the other equation to find p:
![p+q=1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20p%2Bq%3D1%20)
![p+0.2=1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20p%2B0.2%3D1%20)
![p=0.8](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20p%3D0.8%20)
So then we can solve for our heterozygous population:
![2pq=2(0.8)(0.2)=0.32](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%202pq%3D2%280.8%29%280.2%29%3D0.32%20)
This is the ratio of the population. So we then multiply this number by 100 to get the number of cats that are heterozygous:
![0.32*100=32cats](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%200.32%2A100%3D32cats%20)
So now we know that there are 32 heterozygous cats in the population.
Answer:
proportionhejenrn4nrrh4htj
The potential energy changes into kinetic energy. :)