I think your answer is B.) The objects must be in direct contact with one another
Earth is the only planet that habours life.
So the answer to the question would probably be no.
Answer: volcanic activity
Explanation: The vast majority of volcanic activity on the planet occurs along the mid-ocean ridge, and it is the place where the crust of the Earth is born. The material that erupts at spreading centers along the mid-ocean ridge is primarily basalt, the most common rock on Earth.
The correct answer is - urbanization.
The process of urbanization is the one associated with the growth and development of the cities. This process takes place when there's a growing population in a city, both caused by fertility rates and migration towards it, so the local authorities are making the peripheries of the cities and surrounding villages modernized and start to put institutions in them, as well as the necessary modern infrastructure.