<u>Explanation:</u>
Botswana is an African nation where over 23% of population is infected with HIV. The government introduced prevention, treatment and testing strategy to address this serious issue. The goal of this program is to bring HIV infections under control in the country and reduce the chances of further infections.
According to the ‘treat all’ program every person who is tested to be <em>HIV positive</em> is given immediate treatment. All infected persons are given free Anti Retroviral Treatment for a lifetime. The government’s active measures could successfully reduce the infections that spread from affected mother to infants.
Testing measures have changed form from voluntary testing to routine testing and then to compulsory testing. Compulsory testing is sometimes blamed for increasing the stigma about the disease. But these measures help the people to know their status and reduce the number of people living without knowing they are HIV positive.
The correct answer is - 2. Earth's climates have changed and are likely to change in the future.
From what is known for the geologic past of the Earth, our planet's climate has been changing numerous times. The climate on the planet has varied from being predominantly wet tropical climate, to having ice ages, having multiple different climate types at the same time... The reasons for the changes in the Earth's climate are numerous, with the Sun's radiation, tectonic movements and activities, volcanic activity, outside influences like asteroid and meteorite collisions, the vegetation, and all of them have managed to create a very colorful climate history of the planet. This trend of climate change should continue in the future as well, as all of the aforementioned factors are still influencing the climate and on top of that the humans have become a factor in the climate change too.
Africa has a large extent of tropical seasonal forests and savannas; a band runs through sub-saharan Africa and runs down the eastern coast with another band extending across the continent south of the tropical rainforest. There are extensive areas of these biomes in India, southeast Asia, and northern Australia as well.
