B.the tendency for individuals to marry whom grew up in physical close proximity
It's false. The mid-nineteenth century is the mid 1800's.
I believe the answer is: <span>concrete operational
During the concrete operational stage, the children already started to develop the congitive ability to perform logical thinking.
This would granted them the ability for basic reasoning in determining the causal-effect relationship in a certain event</span>
Near the tropics would be your answer hoped that helped:)