Answer:
Option b. A and B are conditionally independent given C2.
Explanation:
The conditional probability of an event is the probability that a given event will occur given that another event, say A has already occurred.
In a case where events A and B are independent (in this case, where the probability of A has no effect on the probability of B occurring), the conditional probability of an event B given that A has taken place is simply the probability of the event A.
If the two events are not independent, then the probability of an event occurs as an intersection of set A and B.
Answer:
Decision on the margins
Explanation:
Pool time seems to be having a greater effect at the moment, it makes sense for his to spend a bit more time in the pool and a bit less time on the bike.
However, this does not mean that it makes sense for her to spend all his time in the pool and no time on the bike. If he cut out all training on the bike, the value of a little bit of bike training might be higher than the value of the last hour of pool training. Dimitri does not treat biking versus swimming as an all-or-nothing decision. He makes small changes at the margin in the number of hours spent training for each activity.
Also they both realise that his time is fixed (20hrs) and anytime he wants to spend extra on one activit, is time he cannot spend on another (opportunity cost).
They are both trying to improve Dimitri's total time (exploiting opportunities to makes themselves better off).
An assumption that Dimitri realises that as he spends more time in the pool improving his swim time, his run and cycle times will suffer. As he swims more, his improvement is likely to slow down, while spending less time on cycling and running will cost him progressively more in terms of time.
Conclusion Dimitri is looking at the margins. His wife on the other hand, is not, she is ignoring the interaction, may be forgetting the decreasing improvements in swim and increasing deterioration in the other 2 legs.
Answer:
disruptive innovation.
Explanation:
A disruptive innovation can be defined as an innovation that typically creates a new market for a product by displacing or removing an existing product from the market.
Digital photography replacing film photography would be an example of a disruptive innovation.
Open market operations involve buying and selling securities to influence the money supply. The correct answer is C.
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "D": explains most of the differences in the standard of living across countries.
Explanation:
Productivity is an economic term that describes the relationship between output and inputs needed to produce those outputs. It measures effectiveness. The total production of a country given a period is calculated in its Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
When the GDP is divided by the total population of a country it is called GDP per capita which reflects the average expenditure of individuals. This metric allows having an idea of what the lifestyles of those people are. Usually, <em>smaller wealthy countries such as Switzerland have higher GDP per capita showing a better quality of life.</em>
